The Effect of Domestic Violence on Women’s Mental Health: Moderating Role of Cultural Norms

Abstract

Domestic violence is a pervasive global issue that significantly affects women’s physical, psychological, and emotional wellbeing. It encompasses physical, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse, often occurring within intimate relationships. Among its many consequences, the impact on women’s mental health is particularly severe, leading to long term psychological distress. This study investigates the effect of domestic violence on women’s mental health, with a specific focus on the moderating role of cultural norms. Drawing on feminist theory, ecological theory, and social learning theory, the study posits that domestic violence negatively affects women’s mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Empirical evidence indicates that women exposed to domestic violence frequently experience significant psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Cultural norms, including patriarchal beliefs, gender roles, and societal acceptance of violence, are expected to influence the strength of this relationship. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from 300 women through structured questionnaires. Structural Equation Modeling using Smart PLS was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that domestic violence has a significant negative effect on women’s mental health. Furthermore, cultural norms significantly moderate this relationship, such that in societies where violence is normalized or stigmatized, the psychological impact is more severe. The study concludes that while domestic violence directly harms mental health, cultural norms play a crucial role in either exacerbating or mitigating these effects. Addressing domestic violence therefore requires not only legal and institutional interventions but also cultural transformation.